Mesa 3: diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y actividad física

Autores/as

  • Carlos Javier Buso Hospital Municipal de Oncología Marie Curie, Titular de la Clínica Diabetológica Integral, Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Pablo Javier Avila Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Obra Social de Empleados Públicos, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
  • Natalia Bertollo Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Centro de Diabetes y Nutrición, Investigaciones Clínicas (CeDyN), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
  • Carolina Gómez Martín Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes, Comité de Egresados; Centro Integral de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (CENDIA), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
  • Alejandro De Dios Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Hospital Carlos Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Sofía Fabregues Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Centro de Salud Nivel 1 (CeSAC) N° 11, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Lázaro González Universidad Católica Argentina. Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Hospital Clínico San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Velia Löbbe Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Unidad de Nutrición del Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Udaondo", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Giselle Mumbach Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Hospital Escuela Ramón Madariaga, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
  • José Retamosa Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Clínica Del Pilar, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
  • Pablo Retamosa Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Clínica Del Pilar, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
  • Ana Schindler Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Centro de Salud Nivel 1 (CeSAC) N° 15, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Dana Sobol Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Hospital Municipal de Oncología Marie Curie, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v52i3Sup.124

Palabras clave:

actividad física, diabetes tipo 2, beneficios, limitaciones, recomendaciones

Resumen

La prevalencia de diabetes mellitus (DM) actividad física es cada vez mayor asociada a bajos niveles de actividad física (AF) y aumento de sobrepeso-obesidad.

Los beneficios de la AF incluyen la prevención de la DM, reducción de hemoglobina glicosilada y glucemia postprandial, mejoría del perfil cardiovascular (descenso Presión arterial y triglicéridos, aumento de colesterol HDL), descenso significativo de biomarcadores proinflamatorios. Además, la AF mejora la disfunción sexual, la función endotelial, el óxido nítrico biodisponible y la insulinosensibilad, incrementa la testosterona, mejora el humor y la autoestima, la ansiedad y la depresión.

El ejercicio incrementa la producción de glucosa, la secreción de insulina compensatoria está alterada y se exacerba por una mayor secreción de catecolaminas. Las personas con insulinopenia marcada tienen riesgo de cetosis. El aumento de hipoglucemias está dado por una mayor captación de glucosa.  

La AF mejora la polineuropatía y la neuropatía autonómica cardíaca, previene la enfermad renal crónica y se asocia a menores niveles de retinopatía diabética. En pacientes con retinopatía preproliferativa y proliferativa o degradación macular, se desaconsejan las actividades que aumentan considerablemente la presión intraocular. Está contraindicado el ejercicio en caso de hemorragia vítrea.

El requerimiento energético depende del tipo, intensidad y duración del ejercicio. Se debe considerar el cuidado del pie. Las recomendaciones son disminuir el tiempo sedentario, ejercicio aeróbico al menos 150 min/semana y ejercicio de resistencia.

Al aumentar la intensidad o ante riesgo elevado se debe realizar chequeo que incluya electrocardiograma y test de esfuerzo. Considerar ecocardiograma bidimensional y doppler.

Biografía del autor/a

Carlos Javier Buso, Hospital Municipal de Oncología Marie Curie, Titular de la Clínica Diabetológica Integral, Morón, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Médico especialista en Medicina Interna, Nutrición y Diabetes; Médico Cardiólogo, Hospital Municipal de Oncología Marie Curie; Titular del Consultorio Integral Dibetológico (Morón, Buenos Aires)

Pablo Javier Avila, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Obra Social de Empleados Públicos, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina

Médico especialista en Medicina Interna, especializado en Diabetes (Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes), Programa Atención de Pacientes Crónicos, Obra Social de Empleados Públicos

Natalia Bertollo, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Centro de Diabetes y Nutrición, Investigaciones Clínicas (CeDyN), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

Médica especialista en Clínica Médica, especializada en Diabetes (Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes), Centro de Diabetes y Nutrición, Investigaciones Clínicas (CeDyN)

Carolina Gómez Martín, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes, Comité de Egresados; Centro Integral de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (CENDIA), Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina

Médica especialista en Medicina Interna, especializada en Diabetes (Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes); Coordinadora del Comité de Graduados (2015-2018); Centro Integral de Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición (CENDIA)

Alejandro De Dios, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Hospital Carlos Durand, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Médico especialista en Medicina Interna, especializado en Diabetes

Sofía Fabregues, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Centro de Salud Nivel 1 (CeSAC) N° 11, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Médica especialista en Medicina Familiar, especializada en Diabetes

Lázaro González, Universidad Católica Argentina. Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Hospital Clínico San Martín, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Médico especialista en Nutrición, especializado en Diabetes

Velia Löbbe, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Unidad de Nutrición del Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Udaondo", Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Médica especialista en Nutrición y especializada en Diabetes; Jefa de Unidad Nutrición del Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. Udaondo"

"

Giselle Mumbach, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Hospital Escuela Ramón Madariaga, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina

Médica especialista en Endocrinología, especializada en Diabetes

José Retamosa, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Clínica Del Pilar, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

Médico especialista en Clínica Médica, especializado en Diabetes

Pablo Retamosa, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Clínica Del Pilar, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

Médico especialista en Clínica Médica, especializado en Diabetes

Ana Schindler, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Centro de Salud Nivel 1 (CeSAC) N° 15, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Médica especialista en Nutrición, especializada en Diabetes

Dana Sobol, Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes. Hospital Municipal de Oncología Marie Curie, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Médica especialista en Nutrición, especializada en Diabetes

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10-01-2023

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Buso, C. J., Avila, P. J., Bertollo, N., Gómez Martín, C., De Dios, A., Fabregues, S., González, L., Löbbe, V., Mumbach, G., Retamosa, J., Retamosa, P., Schindler, A., & Sobol, D. (2023). Mesa 3: diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y actividad física. Revista De La Sociedad Argentina De Diabetes, 52(3Sup), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v52i3Sup.124

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