XX Jornadas del Comité de Graduados de la Sociedad Argentina Diabetes Tema: "Obesidad y Diabetes". Mesa 1: Aspectos psicosociales de las personas con diabetes y obesidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v59i3Sup.1203Palabras clave:
diabetes mellitus, obesidad, aspectos psicosociales, patrones de ingesta, fenotipos de obesidad, trastornos del estado de ánimo, psicofármacos, cirugía bariátrica, calidad de vida, disfunción sexual, entrevista motivacional, coaching en salud, depresión, ansiedadResumen
Introducción: la diabetes mellitus (DM) y la obesidad son enfermedades crónicas, multifactoriales y frecuentemente coexistentes. Su manejo efectivo requiere no solo intervenciones médicas, sino también la comprensión de los factores psicosociales que inciden en su desarrollo, evolución y respuesta terapéutica.
Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica, priorizando guías de práctica clínica, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y ensayos clínicos de los últimos 10 años. La selección de la evidencia se orientó a identificar hallazgos relevantes en el ámbito clínico y psicosocial de la obesidad y la DM.
Resultados: los patrones de ingesta disfuncionales, influenciados por factores emocionales, sociales y biológicos, son determinantes en el mantenimiento del exceso de peso. La estratificación fenotípica de la obesidad permite personalizar el tratamiento con mejores resultados en la pérdida de peso. Se identificó una elevada prevalencia de trastornos del estado de ánimo (depresión, ansiedad) en personas con DM y obesidad, con interacciones bidireccionales que afectan la adherencia y el control metabólico. El uso de psicofármacos, especialmente antipsicóticos y antidepresivos, se asocia frecuentemente con ganancia de peso. La calidad de vida y la función sexual se ven deterioradas, y existe un riesgo psicosocial elevado en ciertos subgrupos, particularmente en quienes se someten a cirugía bariátrica. Las herramientas conductuales, como la entrevista motivacional y el coaching en salud, muestran beneficios clínicos y subjetivos, facilitando el empoderamiento del paciente.
Conclusiones: el abordaje psicosocial de la DM y la obesidad es fundamental para lograr intervenciones efectivas, sostenibles y centradas en la persona. Incorporar herramientas comunicacionales y estrategias de cambio conductual, respetando las experiencias y el sistema de creencias del paciente, mejora no solo los parámetros clínicos sino también su bienestar global. Se recomienda integrar sistemáticamente la evaluación psicosocial en todos los niveles de atención.
Citas
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