Estudio exploratorio sobre los phyla más abundantes de la microbiota intestinal en pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 clasificados según su nivel de HbA1c
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v59i3.1274Palabras clave:
diabetes mellitus tipo 1, microbiota, control glucémicoResumen
Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) se caracteriza por la destrucción de las células β del páncreas. La microbiota es el conjunto de microorganismos (comensales, simbióticos y patógenos) que colonizan el organismo. Recientemente se describió la participación de la microbiota en la DM y una diferente composición microbiana en pacientes con DM1 con buen control glucémico versus aquellos que no lo tienen. Por otro lado, la mayoría de los estudios de microbiota se realizó en países industrializados, lo que muestra una falta de datos provenientes de nuestro país.
Objetivos: se realizó un estudio transversal para determinar la composición microbiana a través del estudio de los phyla más abundantes en pacientes con DM1 según sus niveles de HbA1c y en individuos control del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires.
Materiales y métodos: se reclutaron voluntarios no obesos con o sin DM1, mayores de 18 años del Servicio de Endocrinología, Metabolismo, Nutrición y Diabetes del Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires. Se obtuvieron las variables demográficas, medidas antropométricas, datos de laboratorio y fue entregada la correspondiente muestra de materia fecal. La composición microbiana se determinó por PCR en tiempo real utilizando primers específicos para los phyla más abundantes de la microbiota.
Resultados: los resultados mostraron mayores niveles de Actinobacteria para el grupo diabético con mal control glucémico (p<0,05), sin encontrarse cambios significativos en los niveles de Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes y Proteobacteria. Asimismo, al analizar la correlación entre los resultados y los niveles de HbA1c en los individuos con DM1, se hallaron correlaciones positivas con Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria y negativa con la relación Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes.
Conclusiones: existen alteraciones en la microbiota de los pacientes con DM1. Se han establecido relaciones entre la microbiota y la HbA1c. De acuerdo con la literatura, resultados similares se obtuvieron en ensayos realizados en otras poblaciones.
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Dirección Nacional de Derecho de Autor, Exp. N° 5.333.129. Instituto Nacional de la Propiedad Industrial, Marca «Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes - Asociación Civil» N° de concesión 2.605.405 y N° de disposición 1.404/13.
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