Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and diabetes

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disease that is associated with metabolic comorbidity such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and increases the risk of neuro and cardiovascular events. It is a highly prevalent condition since its main etiological factor is obesity, which is also related as an etiological factor of these comorbidities. Although it cannot be concluded that DM is a consequence of sleep apnea, a relationship has been found between this disease and greater difficulty in controlling blood glucose and the level of insulin resistance. Because of this, it is important that clinicians and endocrinologists adequately question this pathology and manage the fundamental aspects of its diagnosis and treatment.

 As a recommended tool for clinical suspicion, the STOP BANG scale is suggested; in the case of 3 or more points, a diagnostic study such as home respiratory polygraphy or polysomnography would be indicated. In cases of apneas with a rate greater than 20/h (moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome [OSAS]), it is recommended to begin multidisciplinary nutritional treatment optimizing body weight, positional sleep therapy, and consultation with professionals. of specialized Otorhinolaryngology, Speech Therapy and Orthodontics, and initiation of CPAP use every night until the disease is reevaluated after any relevant modification of causal factors, if possible. Likewise, the discovery of sleep apnea requires further investigation, diagnosis and management of possible metabolic or neuro-cardiovascular comorbidities to avoid the added risk of potentially serious events.