P12 Risk factors for type 2 diabetes. In which age group to look for them?

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (Type2 DM) is a disease that develops progressively in the presence of predisposing risk factors (RF) that should be identified prior to diagnosis.

Objectives: detect and identify RF for Type2 DM in the adult population of the Province of Neuquén in order to carry out primary prevention.

Material and Method: descriptive study of 1232 anonymous surveys carried out in the Province of Neuquén between 2017 and 2018, aimed at adults ≥20 years of age without a known diagnosis of Type2 DM, in 10 (ten) cities of the Neuquén territory. They were answered by self-report (SR) or by an interviewer (INT) trained for this purpose and who carried out anthropometric measurements. Polls with ballot boxes were arranged in municipal, provincial and private offices, schools, pharmacies and waiting rooms in health centers. It was based on the original FINDRISC survey that estimates the risk of developing Type2 DM in the next 10 years. Also 4 (four) additional questions were included, without scoring. All surveys were sent to the same place for statistical analysis. FINDRISC original variables: Sex female (F) and male (M). Age group (AG): <45, 45-54, 55-64, >65 years, score (P): 0-2-3-4. Body mass index (BMI): <25, 25-30, >30 P 0-1-4. Waist circumference (WC) P 0-3-4, sex F: <80, 80-88, >88cm, sex M: <94, 94-102, >102 cm. Physical activity (PA) 30 minutes / day YES / NO, P 0-2. Vegetable / fruit consumption (V&F) YES / NO, P 0-2. History of high Blood Sugar (HiBG) NO / YES P 0- 5. Family history with DM 1 or 2 (FHDM): NO, familial in 2nd or 1st degree, with P 0-3-5. History of Hypertension (HT): NO / YES. FINDRISC Risk Categories (R): Low (LR) <7 P, Slightly High (SHR) 7-11 P, Moderate (MR) 12-14 P, High (HR) 15-20 P, Very High (VHR) >20 P. Aggregated variables, without score: Smoking (SMO), High Cholesterol (Chol), Child born weighing ≥4 kg (ChBHiW) and Family member with stroke / myocardial infarction (FmCVD), answers: NO / YES. The survey includes a slip that the person had to keep and where they are invited to make a medical consultation if they have P ≥15. The survey itself had to be deposited in the ballot box.

Resultados: variables de la muestra total (N) 1.232 personas: Llenado por AR 453 (36,8%) por ENC 779 (63,2%); Sexo F 822 (66,7%) M 410 (33,3%); GE en >45: 706 (57,3%), de 45-54: 266 (21,6%), de 55-64: 174 (14,1%), en >65: 86 (7,0%); IMC (n 1230) <25: 394 (32,0%), 25-30: 450 (36,6%), >30: 386 (31,4%); CC F (n 823) <80: 249 (30,3%), 80-88: 199 (24,2%), >88: 374 (45,5%); CC M (n 395) <94: 144 (36,5%), 94-102: 139 (35,2%), >102: 112 (28,4%); AF (n 1224) SI: 608 (49,7%), NO: 616 (50,3%); VyF SI: 747 (60,6%), NO: 485 (39,4%); AGluc (n 1208) NO: 981 (81,2%), SI: 227 (18,8%). AFDM NO: 600 (49,2%), en 2° 268 (21,9%), en 1° 352 (28,9%). HTA (n 1216) NO: 1004 (82, 6%), SI: 212 (17,2%). Variables agregadas: Tab (n 1110) NO: 782 (70,5%), SI:119 328 (29,5%); Col (n 1128)
NO: 861 (76,3%); RNAP (n 1031) NO: 694 (85,4%), SI: 119 (14,6%); FECV (n 1031) NO: 671 (65,1%), SI: 360 (34,9%). Los datos observados se los clasifica según grupo etario y se realiza el análisis estadístico de las variables con prueba de Chi cuadrado. Se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa respecto del sobrepeso más obesidad en hombres del grupo etario <45 años y en el grupo entre 45-54 años siendo 0,001 y 0,01, respectivamente. En los demás grupos, no se encontró diferencia. No hubo relación significativa respecto de la actividad física en ningún grupo. Asimismo, se ve aumento progresivo de los FR a mayor grupo etario. El porcentaje de sobrepeso más obesidad, como también la CC, es elevado en todos los grupos, correspondiendo en el total a 25,6% para sobrepeso y 69,2% para obesidad.
Existe bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, sin diferencias entre grupos. Las variables agregadas no aportaron datos relevantes. Variables de la muestra total, según GE.

Conclusiones: es necesario insistir en la búsqueda de los FR y desarrollar estrategias y programas preventivos a largo plazo y toda edad. En particular controlando la obesidad, a fin de retardar o evitar el desarrollo de diabetes tipo 2.