Impact of protein, fat and fiber on late postprandial glycemia in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v58i2.798Keywords:
proteins, fats, fiber, late hyperglycemiaAbstract
Introduction: Achieving adequate postprandial glycemic control is still a challenge for many people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Carbohydrate counting improved immediate postprandial glycemic excursions, but there is evidence that other macronutrients, such as fats and proteins, could have a significant effect on late postprandial glycemia.
Objectives: to describe the impact of protein, fat and fiber on late postprandial glycemia in people with T1DM on treatment with multidose insulin and carbohydrate counting.
Materials and methods: 855 food and glycemic records of 65 adults were analyzed. Nutritional variables were linked to late postprandial glycemic response. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were applied for: “blood glucose increase >70 mg/dl”. A significance level of 0.05 was used.
Results: consumption of >12.5 g of protein was a predictor of almost double the risk of increased late postprandial glycemia >70 mg (p=0.003). The presence of >20 g of fat showed a greater risk of late postprandial hyperglycemia, without reaching statistical significance (p=0.065). Fiber intake was below recommendations. When >6 g per meal was consumed, there was a 42% lower probability of an increase in late postprandial blood glucose >70 mg/dl (p=0.017).
Conclusions: intake of >6 g of fiber per meal showed a 42% lower probability of increasing late postprandial blood glucose >70 mg/dl. Intake of >12.5 g of protein was shown to be a risk predictor of increased late postprandial blood glucose >70 mg/dl. Nutritional education should be a first-level therapeutic strategy to improve food choices.
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