Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las lipodistrofias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v60i1.1321Palabras clave:
recomendaciones, lipodistrofias, diagnóstico, tratamientoResumen
Introducción: las lipodistrofias son trastornos poco frecuentes caracterizados por la pérdida parcial o generalizada del tejido adiposo, con consecuencias metabólicas graves. Su baja prevalencia y heterogeneidad clínica dificultan el diagnóstico precoz y el abordaje terapéutico adecuado.
Objetivos: establecer recomendaciones nacionales para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las lipodistrofias, estandarizando criterios clínicos y genéticos, y proponiendo intervenciones terapéuticas basadas en la evidencia y experiencia clínica.
Materiales y métodos: revisión narrativa de la literatura científica y de consensos internacionales elaborada por referentes convocados por la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes por su reconocida experticia en el tema. Se designó a un responsable diferente de los autores para la compilación final.
Resultados: se definieron criterios diagnósticos para lipodistrofias generalizadas congénitas y adquiridas. Se describieron seis subtipos de lipodistrofias parciales familiares, con sus respectivas alteraciones genéticas, distribución del tejido adiposo y comorbilidades metabólicas. Se establecieron pautas específicas sobre los componentes del estilo de vida, alimentación y actividad física, y se propusieron adaptaciones en función de las comorbilidades cardiometabólicas. Se detallaron estrategias farmacológicas, incluyendo uso de metformina, insulinas concentradas, tiazolidinedionas y agonistas de GLP-1, con evidencia preliminar de eficacia en subtipos seleccionados.
Conclusiones: este documento constituye una herramienta integral para mejorar el reconocimiento precoz, la caracterización genético-clínica y el tratamiento personalizado de las lipodistrofias. Su implementación busca reducir las complicaciones metabólicas, mejorar la calidad de vida y fomentar la investigación colaborativa en enfermedades raras.
Citas
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