Medical nutrition therapy in pregnant women with diabetes

Authors

  • María Belén Tapia Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. José María Ramos Mejía Associated Hospital, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Solange Houssay Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. José María Ramos Mejía Associated Hospital, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Guadalupe Vanoli Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. José María Ramos Mejía Associated Hospital, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Julio César Bragagnolo Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. José María Ramos Mejía Associated Hospital, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina Professor of the Nutrition Chair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA); Staff Physician, Associate Hospital Dr. José María Ramos Mejía

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v54i2.245

Keywords:

diet, nutrition, pregnancy, diabetes

Abstract

Introduction: in recent years, there has been a worldwide increase in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GD) in pregnant women, with the estimated prevalence of GD being 14% glo-bally and 10,36% in Argentina according to the Latin American Diabetes Association (LADA) diagnostic criteria. An adequate dietary plan in association with a healthy lifestyle change and glucose self-monitoring, are the cornerstones to achieve the glycemic goal in two thirds of GD cases. Despite its importance and being broadly advised in clinical practice, there is limited scientific information regarding the optimal dietary prescription to improve results for both mother and child.

Objectives: to analyze the nutritional aspects of the treatment of GD and to investigate what the recommendations would be to achieve the aforesaid outcomes, through the analysis of current scientific evidence. Although there is heterogenous evidence from randomized controlled trials, it comes out from these studies that early intervention with diet, exercise and advice on healthy lifestyle during the first trimester or early in the second trimester, may decrease the risk of GD.Nutritional treatment in GD is based on the control of the quantity and distribution of carbohydrates to attain optimal glycemic control without hypoglycemia or ketosis. Caloric intake is as well important for proper weight gain.

Conclusions: given the increasing prevalence of excess weight in the general population and especially in women of childbearing age, clinical trials should be carried out to study the results of interventions with lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) in this special population. Evidence-based guidelines should be developed evaluating the impact of diet components and total caloric intake as factors to improve ma-ternal-fetus-neonatal outcomes.

Author Biographies

María Belén Tapia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. José María Ramos Mejía Associated Hospital, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Professor of the Nutrition Chair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA); Staff Physician, Associate Hospital Dr. José María Ramos Mejía

Solange Houssay, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. José María Ramos Mejía Associated Hospital, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Professor of the Nutrition Chair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA); Staff Physician, Associate Hospital Dr. José María Ramos Mejía

Guadalupe Vanoli, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. José María Ramos Mejía Associated Hospital, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Professor of the Nutrition Chair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA); Staff Physician, Associate Hospital Dr. José María Ramos Mejía

Julio César Bragagnolo, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Dr. José María Ramos Mejía Associated Hospital, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Professor of the Nutrition Chair, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA); Staff Physician, Associate Hospital Dr. José María Ramos Mejía

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Published

2023-01-10

How to Cite

Tapia, M. B., Houssay, S., Vanoli, G., & Bragagnolo, J. C. (2023). Medical nutrition therapy in pregnant women with diabetes. Journal of the Argentine Society of Diabetes, 54(2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v54i2.245

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Vol. 54 No. 2 (2020): Mayo/Agosto de 2020

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