O1 Early indicators of prediabetes and appropriate treatment

Abstract

Objectives: Recognizing clinical-metabolic and nutritional indicators to identify early and prescribe an appropriate treatment for prediabetes and associated cardiovascular risk
factors (CVRF).

Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study in 183 adult people without diagnosed diabetes and risk assessment of T2D>= 13 (FINDRISC). It was determined in a combined manner: oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), a clinical evaluation (QualiDiab), dyslipidemia and insulin resistance markers and nutrients intake
using a previously validated questionnaire. A descriptive, statistical analysis was made with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) or proportions; differences were verified using parametric and nonparametric tests, accordingly, considering meaningful the value p<0.05.

Results: The OGTT was normal in a 40.3% of the cases. There was no meaningful correlation found between FINDRISC score and OGTT alteration, except in the high risk subgroup (FINDRISC score of 15-20), which presented a meaningful increase in the incidence of prediabetes (p=0.034), representing more than a 78% of the sample. The
BMI (341 ± 9.1 vs. 29.7 ± 6.0) and the waist circumference (106.7 ± 17.6 vs. 97.8 ± 15.9 cm) were significantly higher in people with prediabetes (p=0.001). Their serum triglycerides (TG) were meaningfully higher than the normal (155.6 ± 79.2 vs. 121.3 ± 54.2 mg/dL; p=0.002), as was the insulin resistance percentage (IR- considering the high TG/HDL-c index) (56.7% vs. 32.4%; p=0.002). We also found statistical significance between HbA1c values (5.75 ± 0.42 vs. 5.4 ± 0.32 %; p<=0.001). The eating plan was not healthy (regarding nutrients distribution) in all the cases, which indicates the need to provide the relevant education.

Conclusions: High FINDRISC score, associated to BMI, unusually high waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia and increased IR, facilitates early diagnosis of prediabetes and the relevant nutritional treatment.