Biochemical and microbiological diagnosis

Authors

  • Bárbara Arinovich Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v53i1.141

Keywords:

urinary tract infections, urine culture, pathogens, antibiogram

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria and fungi colonize the urethra and ascend to the bladder and kidney, by generating an infection. Biochemical and microbiological studies are required to confirm the diagnosis and the infectious etiology that will lead to the antimicrobial therapy. There are different stages to study urine: sample taking, cooling and processing along with the physical-chemical study and urine culture identifying the causing organism and quantifying the number of bacteria per milliliter expressed as colony forming units/ml (CFU/ml). To differentiate infection from contamination in asymptomatic patients, bacterial growth should be ≥105 CFU/ml. Streptococcus group B should be routinely searched in pregnant women and in people with diabetes, the most frequent are Escherichia coli. and enterobacteria. The presence of Candida should be considered in hospitalized patients, with urinary catheters, patients with diabetics, patients with neoplasms, history of broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs, steroids, urological procedures or fungal vaginitis. The antibiogram allows knowing the sensitivity of a germ before exposure with an antibiotic.

Author Biography

Bárbara Arinovich, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Medical specialist in internal medicine and nutrition

References

Cueto M. Diagnóstico microbiológico de la infección del tracto urinario. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2005; 23 (Supl 4):9-14.

Nitzan O, Elias M, Chazan B, Saliba W. Urinary tract infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: review of prevalence, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 2015; 8:129-136. doi:10.2147/DMSO.S51792.

Fünfstück R, Nicolle LE, Hanefeld M, Naber KG. Urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clinical Nephrology 2012; 77 (1)40-48. Doi 10.5414/CN10721.

Esparza GF, Motoa G, Robledo C, Villegas MV. Aspectos microbiológicos en el diagnóstico de infecciones del tracto urinario. Infectio 2015; 19(4):150-160.

Little P, Turner S, Rumsby K, et al. Dipsticks and diagnostic algorithms in urinary tract infection: development and validation randomised trial, economic analysis, observational cohort, and qualitative study. Health Technol Assess 2009; 13(19) doi.org/10.3310/hta13190.

Akmal-Hasan SK, Naveen-Kumar T, Radha-Kishan N, Neetha K. Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections using diagnostics tests in adult patients. Int J Res Med Sci 2014 May; 2(2):415-421. Doi: 10.5455/2320-6012.ijrms20140508.

Bustamante V, Meza P, Román JC, García P. Evaluación de un sistema automatizado de siembra de orinas para urocultivos. Rev Chilena Infectol 2014; 31 (6): 670-675. doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182014000600005.

Published

2023-01-10

How to Cite

Arinovich, B. (2023). Biochemical and microbiological diagnosis. Journal of the Argentine Society of Diabetes, 53(1), 35–37. https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v53i1.141

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>