Debuts of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Multicenter study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47196/diab.v58i1.749Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemic, debuts of type 1 diabetes mellitus, Argentine childrenAbstract
Introduction: previous studies reported an increase in the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children residing in regions severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objectives: to determine the rates and severity of new-onset-T1DM cases among pediatric populations in several Argentinean centers during the stay-at-home 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and compare them with pre-pandemic (2018-2019) and post-pandemic (2021-2022).
Materials and methods: a retrospective chart review investigated the rates of new-onset-T1DM in children aged 6 m- 16 y during the stay-at-home 2020 pandemic, the pre-pandemic (2018 & 2019), and the post-pandemic (2021 & 2022) in 28 Argentinean centers. To determine the percentage of new-onset-T1DM for each year, we divided the number of new cases by the projected population.
Results: of 1997(48.5% females) cases, 50.1% had medical insurance. The mean age was 8.7±3.7 years; glucose 468±184 mg/dL, HbA1c 11.3% ±2.5, pH 7.21±0.2, and bicarbonate 13.4±7.7. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, glucose, and HbA1c from 2018 to 2022. However, pH (7.19 vs. 7.23) and bicarbonate (12.5 vs. 14.7 mEq/L) were significantly lower in 2020 than in 2018. The rate of new-onset- T1DM cases per 100,000 was higher during 2020, with a rate of 3.5, than the rates in the preceding two years: 2.9 in 2018 and 3.2 in 2019. However, during 2021 and 2022, the rates of T1DM were even higher than in 2020, with 4.4 and 4.0, respectively.
Conclusions: an increase in new-onset-T1DM has been registered in Argentina’s medical centers since the pandemic began. The bicarbonate and pH levels of new-onset-T1DM were significantly lower during the stay-at-home 2020 pandemic compared with 2018 pre-pandemic.
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