Precision medicine in autoimmune diabetes

Abstract

Autoimmune diabetes is a very complex disease that requires careful management to avoid serious complications. In the 100 years since the discovery of insulin, the goals of care for people with autoimmune diabetes have changed and improved in relation to the approach to prediction, prevention, diagnosis and treatment. These advances have been facilitated by important advances in the field of immunology, genetics and the natural history of diabetes, which have occurred in parallel with progress in insulin administration and tools for self-management.

The cohort of patients with autoimmune diabetes is very heterogeneous (there are different endotypes), since the onset of the disease covers the entire age range, the patterns of decline in beta cell function differ markedly and the appearance of complications, glycemic control and the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention are variable. This is why precision medicine in diabetes refers to the use of genetic, molecular, clinical and lifestyle information to personalize the treatment and prevention of diabetes. The goal of precision medicine is to provide a more individualized and effective approach to diabetes treatment, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. In the presentation.

I will discuss how immunology laboratory tools, genetic scores, and clinical and beta cell function parameters integrated into AI-assisted platforms will enable early identification of those individuals at risk of developing the disease and intervention before they develop it. Also, once the disease is diagnosed, we will be able to identify different endotypes and thus optimize insulin and non-insulin treatment to reduce the risk of complications and improve the quality of life of people with Autoimmune Diabetes.